The aim of the present study is to analyze individual differences in academic self-efficacy within a population of Unaccompanied Foreign Minors from the European cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Variables describing educational level and length of stay were considered in a sample of 377 individuals being cared for in different youth centers. Of these, 63.4% belonged to the group who had stayed at the center for less than 9 months and 36.6% reported a length of stay of more than 9 (...) months. The age of participants ranged between 8 and 17 years old. Once the quality parameters of the instrument were elaborated, reliability and validity was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling methodology. Data collection was then initiated. The results overall indicate that 87.6% of those who completed the questionnaire reported a higher level of self-efficacy with regards to working with any classmate, whilst at the same time seeing themselves as capable of achieving good marks. ANOVA results indicated significant differences with respect to educational level and length of stay. In this regard, students who had received professional training and had been at the Center for more than 9 months, were the ones who developed greater academic self-efficacy for spending more time working when tasks were judged to be difficult. The results obtained demonstrate that any intervention will be positive as long as it promotes different institutions to develop strategies that cater to a length of stay of more than 9 months and target education, academic self-efficacy, socialization and strengthening the future workforce. Such interventions can be directed through new European, Spanish or local level policies. It is clear that institutions still have a lot of work left to do. (shrink)

Nowadays, the quality standards of higher education institutions pay special attention to the performance and evaluation of the students. Then, having a complete academic record of each student, such as number of attempts, average grade and so on, plays a key role. In this context, the existence of missing data, which can happen for different reasons, leads to affect adversely interesting future analysis. Therefore, the use of imputation techniques is presented as a helpful tool to estimate the value of missing (...) data. This work deals with the academic records of engineering students, in which imputation techniques are applied. More specifically, it is assessed and compared to the performance of the multivariate imputation by chained equations methodology, the adaptive assignation algorithm based on multivariate adaptive regression splines and a hybridization based on self-organisation maps with Mahalanobis distances and AAA algorithm. The results show that proposed methods obtain successfully results regardless the number of missing values, in general terms. (shrink)

Esta obra se concentra en cuatro temas cruciales de la formación de docentes, tanto antes como durante el servicio y en la enseñanza en diferentes áreas y niveles educativos. En primer lugar, se aborda el asunto de las creencias que los docentes tienen sobre el proceso educativo, las cuales parecen influir en la práctica profesional que estos desarrollan y, por lo tanto, deberían recibir la atención explícita de los procesos de formación de docentes que deseen promover prácticas específicas. El segundo (...) tema de la obra es la relación entre la formación de docentes y la política pública que la rige. En particular, se analizan las reformas curriculares implementadas por varias licenciaturas en universidades privadas colombianas, en respuesta a reformas a la normatividad sobre las condiciones de calidad que a las que deben ajustarse todas las licenciaturas del país. El tercer tema analizado es en qué medida los docentes en educación superior van más allá del dominio de su saber disciplinar atribuyendo importancia a la pedagogía, la didáctica y la práctica reflexiva en su propia práctica docente. Finalmente, se discuten aspectos de la formación de docentes relacionados con los procesos vividos y los retos encontrados por los docentes al entrar en la profesión, su socialización en la comunidad docente, sus identidades como maestros y su motivación para ser docentes. Vale la pena señalar que las contribuciones a este libro comparten el uso de metodologías cualitativas y presentan los resultados de historias de vida, entrevistas, observaciones, y análisis documentales, entre otros. (shrink)

In recent years, a great deal of evidence has accumulated on the health risks and environmental impacts of some herbicides. Both conventional agriculture and agroecology are searching for alternatives to address the challenges posed by the consequences of herbicide use. In this search, peasant and indigenous agroecosystems have much to contribute since their crops evolved thousands of years ago together with diverse communities of weeds, and farmers have carried out sophisticated strategies to manage them. Through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, free (...) lists, and botanical collection, we document a milpa design that integrates and manages spontaneous vegetation to take advantage of its presence and minimize risks of crop loss. The objective of this article is to critically contrast agroecological mechanisms in this milpa design which matches the prevention principle with a set of recommendations recognized as preventive in conventional weed science. (shrink)

The year 1736 was a complicated time at the Quito city council. In this work we analyse the sale of eight councillors and its consequence: the access to the institution of a new power group, articulated around two merchants.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the approach to the health-disease system, raising the question about the principles of bioethics present in physician–patient relations. The principles while widely accepted may not be sufficient for a comprehensive ethical analysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the perception of these principles and the physician–patient relationship during a hospital stay through a qualitative approach. Method Sixteen semi-structured interviews took place to know the patients’ perception during their 2020 hospitalization for COVID-19. (...) The data was analyzed through the constant comparison method, creating categories and comparing them. In the end, seven categories were established and were grouped in three: bioethical principles (dignity, charity, vulnerability, autonomy), doctor-patient relationship (participant commitment, informed consent, health staff-patient relationship) and the experience of the disease (illness, the role of the family). Results The research found that most patients described a positive experience, with the feeling of having been well cared for with no sense of discrimination or injustice done. The majority also reported that their autonomy was respected in the treatment decisions. The evaluation of these attitudes is an area of opportunity, especially when the patients' vulnerability is at risk. Conclusions The ethics of virtue offers a better reflection of how human beings manifest themselves by emphasizing the development of virtuous character and behaviors that allow them to realize their values in life. Authorized by the Research Ethics Committee with registration: DI/18/105-B/3/308. (shrink)

La presente contribución atiende a la interpretación por parte de Heidegger de la dualidad planteada expresamente por Kant de facultades cognoscitivas y sus respectivos tipos específicos de representación. Intentará mostrar cómo su interpretación fenomenológica da cuenta de esta cooriginariedad de sensibilidad y entendimiento y puede incluso –en un sentido bien determinado– legitimarla. Para ello enfoca su interés en el posicionamiento crítico de Heidegger frente a la lectura neokantiana de este elemento doctrinal de la filosofía transcendental de Kant.

Introduction: Resilience is a multidimensional and dynamic construct associated with positive growth and the capacity to transform stressful and negative factors into opportunities of personal development and self-improvement when faced with difficult experiences. The resilience process of each individual integrates multiple analysis levels, which range from genetic-environmental interactions to a complex process of adaptation between the individual and his/her family, friends, co-workers, society, and culture.Objective: To determine whether resilience improves in students of occupational therapy when exposed for the first time (...) to practice placement education.Methodology: Quasi-experimental, prospective, observational, multi-center study with a sample composed of students from the Degree of Occupational Therapy of the public universities of Málaga and Castilla-La Mancha. Two weeks prior to the beginning of the practice education period, the participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and the area of their internships. They were also given the Spanish version of the Connor-Davidson's resilience scale. All these instruments were also completed 1 week after the end of the clinical practice.Results: There were statistically significant differences between the variables that make up resilience and the different internship areas. On the other hand, there was a significant improvement of global resilience after the clinical practice period, in both women and men, when the internship area was not considered.Conclusions: The results show that resilient students are more optimistic and work to improve a situation beyond doing simply what is expected of them, knowing how to control their feelings. This is beneficial for students in practice education, since, during these, they face difficult situations that require a resilient pattern, which helps reduce stress and the burnout syndrome. (shrink)

Background: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in young students is associated with biosocial factors and scholastic stress. However, few studies have evaluated emotional-affective symptoms that are related to the immune system and antioxidant parameters in young individuals without diagnoses of affective disorders.Aim: This study aims to assess the relationship between emotional-affective symptoms and glutathione concentrations and CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in college students.Methods: College students completed standardized psychometric instruments, including the Perceived Stress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression (...) Inventory, Familiar Social and Friends Support Scale, and Rosenberg Scale. Blood samples were biochemically analyzed. Analyses of variance were conducted between four groups according to symptom severity.Results: A considerable prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms was observed and negatively correlated with self-esteem and socio-familiar support. Perceived stress was sexually dimorphic. Although biochemical parameters were within reference ranges, glutathione, CD4, and CD8 tended to be lower in participants with anxiety and depression symptoms, which may be of predictive value.Conclusion: The relationship between antioxidant/immune parameters and socio-affective scores is latent in undiagnosed college students who might develop affective disorders. The findings suggest that during the initial development of affective disorders, stress management strategies should be implemented to help college students cope with the academic load and monitor negative changes in their physiological state. (shrink)

Este artículo se ocupa de clarificar los primeros desarrollos que Zenón, Cleantes y Crisipo hicieron en su teoría del destino. En el curso de la argumentación se manifestará que todos ellos consideraban que el destino es identificable con la razón divina, principio activo de la naturaleza encargado de mover y cualificar a la materia. Gracias a esto se podrá defender, por un lado, que ellos sostenían que el destino es parte de la estructura interna del mundo y, por el otro, (...) que el destino tiene un alcance universal, ya que todos los movimientos y estados cualitativos del mundo, hasta en sus más ínfimos detalles, son producidos por la razón divina. Finalmente se muestra que, de acuerdo con los primeros desarrollos de estos tres escolarcas, el destino tiene un mecanismo fatalista en la producción de los sucesos de la vida humana. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una interpretación de dos discutidos pasajes de Metafísica VI 3 y XI 8 en los que se encuentra la argumentación de Aristóteles encaminada a evitar la necesidad universal con base en la existencia de las coincidencias. Esta argumentación ha suscitado múltiples e incompatibles interpretaciones desde la Antigüedad hasta nuestros días. En ellas se ha presentado la argumentación del Estagirita en un abanico que va desde comprenderla como una postura compatible con el más fuerte determinismo, hasta una que (...) requiere un muy generalizado indeterminismo. En diálogo con estas interpretaciones, se defenderá una lectura según la cual estos pasajes están diseñados para argumentar no contra el determinismo causal sino contra la predeterminación. (shrink)

RESUMEN El presente trabajo describe los cambios estratégicos del Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey que contribuyen a la formación profesional, la investigación y los servicios científico técnicos. Recoge los resultados obtenidos desde el 2015 hasta el 2017. Los referentes teóricos permiten un acercamiento epistémico que facilita la relación con el conocimiento y la creación de concepciones para abordar los problemas de salud. El centro tiene cuatro proyectos asociados a programas y 11 (...) institucionales. Se posee 2,7 publicaciones por autor y 18 participaciones en eventos, de ellos, ocho internacionales. Se perfecciona un sistema de gestión de la calidad, nueve servicios científico-técnicos, diversos servicios a la docencia y proyectos de investigaciones. Se aprovecha el potencial que genera el proceso de auto-organización del trabajo colectivo, para un mejor funcionamiento, sinergia y sustentabilidad de la gestión de una unidad de desarrollo e innovación. ABSTRACT The present work describes the strategic changes of the Center of Immunology and Biological Products of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey that contributes to the professional training, the investigation and the technical-scientist services. It gathers the results obtained from 2015 to 2017. The theoretical bases allow an epistemic approach that facilitates the relation with the knowledge and the creation of conceptions to tackle the health problems. The center has four projects associated with programs and 11 institutional ones. There are possessed 2.7 publications per author and 18 participations in events, of them, eight international ones. Scientist - technical staff perfects a system of management of the quality, nine services, diverse services to the teaching and projects of investigations. One makes use of the potential that generates the auto-organization process of collective work, for a better functioning, synergy and sustainability of the management of a unit of development and innovation. (shrink)

Educational interventions are necessary to develop mathematical competence at early ages and prevent widespread mathematics learning failure in the education system as indicated by the results of European reports. Numerous studies agree that domain-specific predictors related to mathematics are symbolic and non-symbolic magnitude comparison, as well as, number line estimation. The goal of this study was to design 4 digital learning app games to train specific cognitive bases of mathematical learning in order to create resources and promote the use of (...) these technologies in the educational community and to promote effective scientific transfer and increase the research visibility. This study involved 193 preschoolers aged 57–79 months. A quasi-experimental design was carried out with 3 groups created after scores were obtained in a standardised mathematical competence assessment test, i.e., low-performance group, high-performance group, and control group. The results show that training with the 4 digital learning app games focusing on magnitude, subitizing, number facts, and estimation tasks improved the numerical skills of the experimental groups, compared to the control group. The implications of the study were, on the one hand, provided verified technological tools for teaching early mathematical competence. On the other hand, this study supports other studies on the importance of cognitive precursors in mathematics performance. (shrink)

Languages use predicates and arguments to express events and event participants. In order to establish generalizations concerning the variety languages show regarding the strategies for discerning some arguments from the others, the concept of roles—and, particularly, macroroles, mesoroles, and microroles—associated with participants provides a widely studied starting point. In this article, the formal properties in the arguments of a set of 14 verb meanings in Spanish Sign Language have been analyzed. Arguments have been studied by considering their microroles, and a (...) quantitative method for measuring distances from a plurality of properties has been adopted. The novelty of this analysis is that it focuses on how arguments group in terms of these properties. Subsequently, some generalizations justifying why some verb meanings have a tendency to associate with certain forms of argument expression are highlighted in this study. (shrink)

Este artículo está dedicado a la revisión que Crisipo hizo a la teoría estoica del destino. Para ello se examinará en primer lugar una objeción a la teoría, que es conocida como Argumento Perezoso. De acuerdo con ésta, si sostenemos que el destino tiene siempre un mecanismo fatalista, tendríamos que concluir que ninguno de nuestros deseos y esfuerzos tiene importancia. Se sugerirá que Crisipo desarrolló su distinción entre eventos destinados y codestinados para limitar el mecanismo fatalista del destino a tan (...) sólo un grupo de sucesos y escapar a esta crítica. En segundo lugar se mostrará cómo esta propuesta lo llevó a concebir una nueva teoría del destino centrada en el nexo causal de todas las cosas, que le permitía defender una concepción del mundo como unidad tanto en un nivel sincrónico como en uno diacrónico. (shrink)

Abstract In the last 20 years the ruthless competition for natural resources, political instability, armed conflicts, and the terrorist attacks of 9/11 have paved the way for private military and security companies (PMSCs) to operate in areas which were until recently the preserve of the state. PMSCs, less regulated than the toy industry, commit grave human rights violations with impunity. The United Nations has elaborated an international binding instrument to regulate their activities but the opposition of the U.S., U.K., and (...) other Western governments?and from PMSCs, which prefer self-regulation?have prevented any advancement. (shrink)

Este artículo se ocupa de clarificar los primeros desarrollos que Zenón, Cleantes y Crisipo hicieron en su teoría del destino. En el curso de la argumentación se manifestará que todos ellos consideraban que el destino es identificable con la razón divina, principio activo de la naturaleza encargado de mover y cualificar a la materia. Gracias a esto se podrá defender, por un lado, que ellos sostenían que el destino es parte de la estructura interna del mundo y, por el otro, (...) que el destino tiene un alcance universal, ya que todos los movimientos y estados cualitativos del mundo, hasta en sus más ínfimos detalles, son producidos por la razón divina. Finalmente se muestra que, de acuerdo con los primeros desarrollos de estos tres escolarcas, el destino tiene un mecanismo fatalista en la producción de los sucesos de la vida humana. (shrink)

Este artículo está dedicado a la revisión que Crisipo hizo a la teoría estoica del destino. Para ello se examinará en primer lugar una objeción a la teoría, que es conocida como Argumento Perezoso. De acuerdo con ésta, si sostenemos que el destino tiene siempre un mecanismo fatalista, tendríamos que concluir que ninguno de nuestros deseos y esfuerzos tiene importancia. Se sugerirá que Crisipo desarrolló su distinción entre eventos destinados y codestinados para limitar el mecanismo fatalista del destino a tan (...) sólo un grupo de sucesos y escapar a esta crítica. En segundo lugar se mostrará cómo esta propuesta lo llevó a concebir una nueva teoría del destino centrada en el nexo causal de todas las cosas, que le permitía defender una concepción del mundo como unidad tanto en un nivel sincrónico como en uno diacrónico. (shrink)